Lewis, Tommy

My 101

Mitochondria are often referred to as the “powerhouse of the cell.” However, for something important enough to gain that kind of reputation, we still have much to learn about the various roles mitochondria play in humans.

My lab focuses on the function of mitochondria in neurons during both health and disease. We are interested in learning how neurons control our brain, and what goes wrong during aging leading to devastating neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s, dementia and Parkinson’s.

Traditionally, we have to look at these cells outside the body in a dish but many times it is difficult to translate that work back into something relevant for treating human patients.

We have developed a new imaging method where we can observe the function of mitochondria in living, relevant mouse models. As this research develops, we will be able to track what happens during disease progression in real-time. This may result in new avenues for understanding these traumatic diseases.

Research

One of the most striking features of neurons is the extraordinary structural and functional compartmentalization of their somatodendritic and axonal domains. They use this high degree of polarization to receive electrical and chemical information from many other neurons, integrate it, and then transmit this information to their synaptic partners. Recent work has revealed that the specific localization of mitochondria is required for both axonal and dendritic development and maintenance.

Many studies claim that reduced mitochondrial motility is a main player in multiple neurodegenerative diseases; yet, most of these studies were performed using immature cultured neurons. This is surprising as the highly stratified patterns of axon and dendrite branching found in vivo cannot be recapitulated in the widely used in vitro dissociated culture systems, and these cultured neurons are grown in 5 times the level of glucose normal for vertebrates. Based on our and others recent results, we now know that mitochondrial motility is actually extremely low in healthy, mature adult axons and dendrites in vivo. This suggests the need for a complete re-evaluation of the role of mitochondria trafficking in neurodegenerative disease progression, and therefore it is imperative we begin to develop tools and methods to study these processes in vivo.

Our work focuses on two main questions:

What are the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate compartmentalized morphology and function of mitochondria in neurons?
How are these mechanisms altered during the early stages of neurodegeneration, and how does this contribute to reduced neuronal function and degeneration?

These questions are probed using a suite of genetic, cellular and molecular tools including in vivo 2-photon imaging, in utero electroporation, viral transduction and proteomics.

Our longterm goal is to understand the physiological role of mitochondria in neuronal function and disease, and to identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of these diseases.

Brief CV

Education
B.S., University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 2003
Ph.D., University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 2010
Postdoctoral training, Columbia University, New York, 2013-2018
Postdoctoral Training, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 2010-2013

Honors & Awards
2012 F32 NRSA Postdoctoral Fellowship (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)
2015 K99/R00 Pathway to Independence Award (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)

Joined OMRF’s scientific staff in 2018

Publications

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Recent Publications

Thadathil N, Nicklas EH, Mohammed S, Lewis TL Jr, Richardson A, Deepa SS. Necroptosis increases with age in the brain and contributes to age-related neuroinflammation. Geroscience, 2021 September, PMID: 34515928

Rangaraju V, Lewis TL Jr, Hirabayashi Y, Bergami M, Motori E, Cartoni R, Kwon SK, Courchet J. Pleiotropic Mitochondria: The Influence of Mitochondria on Neuronal Development and Disease. J Neurosci 39:8200-8208, 2019 October, PMID: 31619488, PMCID: PMC6794931

Lewis TL Jr, Kwon SK, Lee A, Shaw R, Polleux F. MFF-dependent mitochondrial fission regulates presynaptic release and axon branching by limiting axonal mitochondria size. Nat Commun 9:5008, 2018 November, PMID: 30479337, PMCID: PMC6258764

Selected Publications

Zehnder T, Petrelli F, Romanos J, Ee Oliveira Figueiredo EC, Lewis TL Jr, Déglon N, Polleux F, Santello M, Bezzi P. Mitochondrial biogenesis in developing astrocytes regulates astrocyte maturation and synapse formation. Cell Rep. 2021 Apr 13;35(2):108952. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108952. PMID: 33852851

Rangaraju V*, Lewis TL Jr*, Hirabayashi Y*, Bergami M*, Motori E*, Cartoni R*, Kwon SK*, Courchet J*. Pleiotropic mitochondria: The influence of mitochondria on neuronal development and disease. J Neurosci. 2019 Oct 16;39(42):8200-8208. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1157-19.2019. PMID: 31619488, PMCID: PMC6794931

Lewis TL Jr*, Kwon SK*, Lee A, Shaw R, Polleux F. MFF-dependent mitochondrial fission regulates presynaptic release and axon branching by limiting axonal mitochondria size. Nat Commun. 2018 Nov 27;9(1):5008. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07416-2/ PMID: 30479337, PMCID: PMC6258764 *Co-first authors

Lewis TL Jr, Turi GF, Kwon SK, Losonczy A, Polleux F. Progressive Decrease of Mitochondrial Motility during Maturation of Cortical Axons In Vitro and In Vivo. Curr Biol. 2016 Oct 10;26(19):2602-2608. Epub 2016 Sep 15. PMID: 27641765 PMCID: PMC5235338

Toyama EQ, Herzig S, Courchet J, Lewis TL Jr, Losón OC, Hellberg K, Young NP, Chen H, Polleux F, Chan DC, Shaw RJ. AMP-activated protein kinase mediates mitochondrial fission in response to energy stress. Science. 2016 Jan 15;351(6270):275-281. PMID: 26816379 PMCID: PMC4852862