Rafal Donczew, Ph.D.

During gene transcription, cells read DNA instructions to begin production of proteins that do most of the work in a cell. Dysregulation of transcription is a common cause of human disease. Our lab studies the mechanisms that regulate the process of gene transcription, especially its two early stages: initiation and elongation. Understanding the details of these mechanisms creates opportunities for targeted drug development.

In many organisms, including simple unicellular yeast but also humans, DNA is stored as chromatin, which consists of a DNA strand wrapped around a bead-like structure made of proteins called histones. Many proteins involved in transcription can “read” specific modifications on histones that are deposited and erased by other specialized factors.

Our flagship project is focused on chromatin readers from a family of proteins known as BET. These proteins are potential drug targets for many types of cancer and immunoinflammatory conditions, but their regulation and roles are poorly understood. We recently found that yeast BET proteins and their human equivalents have similar roles. Yeast cells are an excellent model used to understand the functions of human cells. Now, we utilize both yeast and mammalian cells to investigate fundamental mechanisms of transcription and to provide the basis for development of new therapies for human diseases.

We are interested in the fundamental mechanisms of transcription of mRNA coding genes in eukaryotes. We aim to understand what aspects of transcriptional regulation differentiate healthy and disease states of human cells. Ultimately, we hope to reveal specific dependencies of a given type of diseased cells thus paving the way for development of new targeted therapies. To achieve these goals, our lab utilizes a broad range of approaches including functional genomics, proteomics, biochemistry and molecular biology.

A high-level conservancy of factors and pathways involved in transcription across eukaryotes allows us to use the powerful yeast system as our primary model. In parallel, we test our hypotheses in mammalian cell lines with special focus on the mechanisms which become hijacked during emergence and progression of human pathologies.

Recruitment, regulation, and roles of epigenetic readers from the BET family

We recently characterized yeast bromodomain-containing factors Bdf1/2 as functional homologues of the human BET family of epigenetic readers. The best studied member of the human BET family, BRD4, was implicated in cancer, including both hematological malignancies and solid tumors, and immunoinflammatory conditions. Despite considerable efforts the roles of human BET factors are poorly understood.

Building on our findings in yeast cells, we will investigate the fundamental mechanisms of transcriptional regulation facilitated by BET factors across eukaryotes. We will also explore how is BET recruitment to chromatin regulated, especially what mechanisms allow cancer cells to bypass bromodomain inhibition that may underlie the failure of therapies targeting BET bromodomains. BET factors affect transcription of the majority of genes in both yeast and human cells, but they also likely have gene-specific functions. The ultimate goal of our studies is to reveal what features of BET biology can be exploited as specific vulnerabilities of different human conditions.

Differences in coactivator specificity and regulation of distinct classes of eukaryotic genes

Results from our and other labs defined BET factors as general coactivators of transcription of mRNA coding genes. Coactivators with genome-wide functions also include TFIID, Mediator, SAGA, NuA4 and others. Eukaryotic genes are often divided into two broad classes – housekeeping and regulated. Importantly, in human cells highly regulated genes are overrepresented among tissue-specific genes involved in development and differentiation.

Our earlier works characterized most yeast housekeeping genes as predominantly dependent on TFIID, NuA4, Mediator Core module and BET factors, while regulated genes as dependent on TFIID, SAGA and Mediator Core and Tail modules to facilitate transcription initiation. At the same time, all yeast transcription requires SAGA histone acetyltransferase activity. Based on our previous findings and the available data from human cells we recently proposed that the interplay between BET factors, TFIID and Mediator is a common feature of eukaryotic gene regulation, with possible variations to these mechanisms between distinct classes of genes.

We will characterize in depth the relationship between BET factors, TFIID and Mediator focusing on the tissue and disease-specific differences. Our aim is to reveal unique dependencies and druggable targets. We will also explore the contributions of other coactivators to transcription of different types of eukaryotic genes.

Education
M.S., Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland, 2009
Ph.D., Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Poland, 2015
Postdoctoral Scholar, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 2015-2022

Honors and Awards
Best MSc Student, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 2009
Ludwik Hirszfeld Scholarship, The Municipal Office of Wrocław, Poland, 2012
EMBO Postdoctoral Fellowship, 2016-2017
PRELUDIUM pre-doctoral grant, National Science Center, Poland, 2013-2015
START Scholarship, Foundation for Polish Science, Poland, 2015

Activities
Reviewer, OCOE/U54 Community Grant Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 2021
Reviewer, Genome Biology, Genes & Development, Genome Research, Molecular Cell, PNAS

Memberships
Member, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Joined OMRF’s scientific staff in 2022

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Recent Publications

Warfield L, Donczew R, Mahendrawada L, Hahn S. Yeast Mediator facilitates transcription initiation at most promoters via a Tail-independent mechanism. Mol Cell 82:4033-4048.e7, 2022 Nov, PMID: 36208626, PMCID: PMC9637718

Selected Publications

Warfield L, Donczew R, Mahendrawada L, Hahn S. (2022) Yeast Mediator facilitates transcription initiation at most promoters via a Tail-independent mechanism. Mol Cell. S1097-2765(22)00905-4. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36208626.

Donczew R, Hahn S. (2021) BET family members Bdf1/2 modulate global transcription initiation and elongation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. eLife 10:e69619. PMID: 34137374, PMCID: PMC8266393.

Donczew R*, Warfield L*, Pacheco D, Erijman A, Hahn S. (2020) Two roles for the yeast transcription coactivator SAGA and a set of genes redundantly regulated by TFIID and SAGA. eLife 9:e50109. PMID: 31913117, PMCID: PMC6977968.

Donczew R, Hahn S. (2018) Mechanistic differences in transcription initiation at TATA-less and TATA-containing promoters. Mol Cell Biol. 38(1):e00448-17. PMID: 29038161, PMCID: PMC5730718.

Cell Cycle & Cancer Biology Research Program, MS 48
825 NE 13th Street
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104

E-mail: Rafal-Donczew@omrf.org

For media inquiries, please contact OMRF’s Office of Public Affairs at news@omrf.org.

Magdalena Donczew, Ph.D.
Assistant Staff Scientist

John Ridenour, Ph.D.
Assistant Staff Scientist

Eleanor Shore
Research Technician

Cheri Rutledge
Administrative Assistant III